Life is inseparable from the two major industries of plastics and hardware. Plastics are everywhere in life. It is a chemical crystallization that brings convenience to life. Plastic parts are widely used in every field of modern life, such as household appliances. , instrumentation, wire and cable, construction equipment, communications electronics, automotive industry, aerospace, daily hardware. The application of plastics is so extensive that the use of such conveniences has led to side effects, and in some areas people have to carry out "plastic prohibitions."

    Since its introduction, plastics have been widely used, but they also have serious environmental problems. Plastic waste is difficult to decompose naturally, resulting in an increase in solid waste. If it flows into the ocean, it will also cause marine organisms to ingest, suffocate, poison, etc., affecting the marine ecology; incineration of plastic waste will also cause air pollution, and some plastics, such as polychlorinated Ethylene (PVC) and polycarbonate (Polycarbonates) may release harmful substances or endocrine disruptors under certain conditions, endangering the reproductive function of the organism. Therefore, reducing the use of plastics has become an important task in environmental protection.

    Hardware refers to five metals. The word "hardware" first appeared in "Wu Yue Chun Qiu": "Modern Chinese Dictionary" explained: hardware, referring to gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, refers to metal. Today's hardware is commonly used as a general term for products such as metal or copper and iron. The further application of metal has played an important role in the development of the history of human civilization. Metal products appear in every corner of economic life, political life, and military activities. For example, Zhejiang Yongkang has been called the “Hometown of Baigong” since ancient times, and the hardware handicraft industry has a long history. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, Yongkang coppersmiths and blacksmiths have gone south and north to make a living. In the history, there have been "the hardware craftsmen go to the Quartet, the prefectures and counties are not separated from Kang".

    History has entered the modern industrial society, and the metal-hardware industry has developed rapidly. The hardware industry has played an invaluable role in the development of the national economy. Hardware products have also become an indispensable industrial link in industrial manufacturing.

    It is used as an accessory product for industrial manufacturing, a semi-finished product, and a tool for the production process. Only a small portion of daily-use hardware products are essential consumer goods for people's lives.

    In the national economic industry classification of the National Bureau of Statistics, manufacturing is the third largest category of industry. These include: the production of living materials, such as: agricultural and sideline products, food and beverage, tobacco, textile and garment leather, wood furniture, printing and stationery, and pharmaceutical manufacturing; manufacturing of production materials, such as: petrochemical, chemical fiber, rubber plastic , non-metal products manufacturing, metal smelting and processing, metal products manufacturing, general equipment manufacturing, industry-specific equipment manufacturing, and transportation equipment manufacturing, electrical equipment, communications electronics, etc.

    The related products in the classification of metal products in the manufacturing industry and general-purpose parts in the manufacture of general-purpose equipment constitute a "small hardware" in the usual sense. It can be seen that ‘small hardware’ is not an existing industry category, but a cross-combination of several metal products – hardware products. In the entire manufacturing industry, ‘small hardware’ is responsible for providing parts and manufacturing tools to manufacturing companies, not as industry-specific equipment for end use. Nevertheless, we can't deny the important role of "hardware" in the social production process: "hardware" and manufacturing are inseparable wholes.

    There are many kinds of hardware products and different specifications, but hardware products play an irreplaceable role in home decoration. Choosing good hardware accessories can make many decorative materials safer and more convenient to use. At present, there are more than ten kinds of hardware products in the material market.

    Lock class

    (1) Exterior door lock (2) Handle lock (3) Drawer lock (4) Ball type door lock (5) Glass window lock (6) Electronic lock (7) Chain lock (8) Anti-theft lock (9) Bathroom lock (10) padlock (11) combination lock (12) lock body (13) lock cylinder

    Handle

    (1) drawer handle (2) cabinet door handle (3) glass door handle

    Door and window hardware

    (1) Hinge: glass hinge, corner hinge, bearing hinge (copper, steel), pipe hinge (2) hinge (3) track: drawer track, sliding door track, hanging wheel, glass pulley ( 4) Latch (bright, dark) (5) Door suction (6) Ground suction (7) Ground spring (8) Door clamp (9) Door closer (10) Plate pin (11) Door mirror (12) Anti-theft buckle (13) bead (copper, aluminum, pvc) (14) bead, magnetic bead

    Home decoration hardware

    (1) universal wheel (2) cabinet legs (3) door nose (4) duct (5) stainless steel trash can (6) metal suspension (7) plug (8) curtain rod (copper, wood) ( 9) Curtain rod lifting ring (plastic, steel) (10) sealing strip (11) lifting drying rack (12) clothes hook, hanger

    Plumbing hardware

    (1) aluminum-plastic pipe (2) tee (3) wire elbow (4) anti-leak valve (5) ball valve (6) eight-word valve (7) straight-through valve (8) ordinary floor drain (9) washing machine dedicated floor drain ( 10) Raw tape

    Building decoration hardware

    (1) galvanized iron pipe (2) stainless steel pipe (3) plastic expansion pipe (4) rivet (5) cement nail (6) advertising nail (7) mirror nail (8) expansion bolt (9) self-tapping screw (10) Glass holder (11) glass holder (12) insulation tape (13) aluminum alloy ladder (14) goods bracket

    Tools

    (1) hacksaw (2) hand saw blade (3) pliers (4) screwdriver (one word, cross) (5) tape measure (6) nipper (7) needle nose pliers (8) diagonal pliers (9) Glass glue gun (10) straight shank twist drill bit (11) diamond drill bit (12) electric hammer drill bit (13) hole opener (14) open end wrench and plum wrench (15) rivet gun (16) grease gun (17) hammer (18)Sleeve (19) adjustable wrench (20) steel tape measure. box ruler. meter ruler

    Nail gun, sheet metal shear, marble saw blade

    Bathroom Fittings

    (1) washbasin faucet (2) washing machine faucet (3) time delay faucet (4) shower (5) soap dish rack, soap butterfly (6) single cup holder, single cup (7) double cup holder, double cup, (8) paper towel holder (9) toilet brush holder, toilet brush (10) single towel rack, double towel rack (11) single layer rack (12) multi-layer rack (13) towel rack (14) beauty Mirror (15) hanging mirror (16) soap dispenser (17) hand dryer

    Kitchen appliances

    (1) kitchen cabinet pull basket (2) kitchen cabinet pendant (3) sink, sink faucet (4) scrubber (5) range hood (Chinese, European) (6) gas stove (7) oven (electric, gas) (8) Water heater (electricity, gas) (9) Pipeline, natural gas, liquefied tank (10) Gas heating stove (11) Dishwasher (12) Disinfection cabinet (13) Yuba (14) exhaust fan (top, window, Wall type) (15) water purifier (16) dry skin (17) food residue processor (18) rice cooker (19) hand dryer (20) refrigerator

    Mechanical parts

    (1) Gears (2) Machine tool accessories (3) Springs (4) Seals (5) Separation equipment (6) Welding materials (7) Fasteners, connectors (8) Bearings (9) Drive chain (10) furnace Head (11) chain lock (12) sprocket (13) caster, universal wheel (14) chemical pipe and fittings (15) pulley (16) roller (17) pipe clamp (18) table (19) steel ball, ball (20) wire rope (21) bucket teeth (22) lifting block (23) hook, grab hook (24) straight through (25) idler (26) conveyor belt (27) nozzle, nozzle joint

    Furniture hardware accessories

    (1) Furniture hardware feet (2) Furniture hardware frame (3) Wood screws (4) Hinge (5) Handle (6) Slide (7) Clapboard pin (8) Hanging piece (9) Nail (10) Head Machine (11) Threading machine (12) Multi-station machine (13) Pneumatic rod (14) Caster (15) Five-star foot (16) Spring (17) Zipper (18) Foam nail (19) Horse nail (20) Furniture mechanical

    Stamping

    Materials and molds

    The hardness of the metal stamping parts is measured by a Rockwell hardness tester. Small, complex-shaped stampings can be used to test small planes that cannot be tested on ordinary benchtop Rockwell hardness testers. The PHP series of portable surface Rockwell hardness testers are ideal for testing the hardness of these stamped parts. Alloy stampings are the most commonly used parts in metal processing and machine building. Stamping processing is a processing method in which a metal strip is separated or formed by a mold. Its application range is very broad.

    Stamping parts processing includes punching, bending, drawing, forming, finishing and other processes. The materials processed by stamping parts are mainly hot-rolled or cold-rolled (mainly cold-rolled) metal strip materials, such as carbon steel sheets, alloy steel sheets, spring steel sheets, galvanized sheets, tin-plated sheets, stainless steel sheets, copper and copper alloys. Plate, aluminum and aluminum alloy plates, etc.

    1. Hardness testing of stamping materials

    The main purpose of the hardness testing of stamping materials is to determine whether the degree of annealing of the purchased metal sheets is suitable for the subsequent stamping parts processing. Different types of stamping parts processing processes require sheets of different hardness levels. The aluminum alloy plate used for stamping processing can be tested by a Vickers hardness tester. When the material thickness is greater than 13 mm, the Barcol hardness tester can be used. The pure aluminum plate or the low hardness aluminum alloy plate should be a Barcol hardness tester.

    2. Hardness testing of stamping parts

    Stamping die is usually required to have high hardness and wear resistance, and heat treatment is indispensable. The development of architectural design concepts and the further development of window system technology and the mechanical and materials industries, the category of architectural hardware has also evolved from traditional simple forms to functional and specific. Doors and windows will be more vital, and the connection between energy-saving systems, lighting systems, ventilation systems and doors and windows will enable the hardware to have more accurate functional characteristics and good adaptability to the relevant systems of doors and windows. A variety of hardware systems came into being, such as the current market common forms: outer flat hardware, inner flat hardware, inner open inner hardware, medium hanging window hardware (vertical suspension), medium hanging window hardware (horizontal Rotating), outer hanging window hardware, push-pull hardware, external push-pull hardware, inward-smooth smooth side-shifting hardware, electric hardware, intelligent electric hardware, folding open hardware, lifting hardware, ventilation and ventilation devices, etc.

       The following is an analysis of the ventilation function of the door and window, and the future direction of the door and window hardware is diversified. The 2002 edition of the "China Ecological Housing Technology Assessment Manual" requires that "the indoor and outdoor doors should have the conditions for wearing the wind when the doors and windows are opened, and more than 90% of the indoor space should be able to achieve natural ventilation" (required conditions). The "Technical Essentials for Healthy Housing Construction" prepared by the National Center for Residential and Residential Environment Engineering in 2001 requires that "the living space of a house should be naturally ventilated and free of ventilated dead angles". "The air pollution should be prevented from harming human health and the indoor air should be stopped." Invasion of pathogens and harmful substances. During the winter heating and summer air conditioning, there should be indoor fresh air exchange and replenishment equipment." The above requirements indicate that natural ventilation is fully utilized, and the ventilation of doors and windows requires supporting hardware to control the opening direction of the sash to adjust the wind direction, wind speed and air intake. The side effects are heat loss, increase the building energy burden, and air. Entrained impurities and mosquitoes enter the room. In winter and summer, indoor temperature changes rapidly with ventilation. In summer, cold air leakage causes indoor heating, while in winter, indoor heat is rapidly and largely lost. The heat change accompanying indoor and outdoor air flow is an important cause of energy consumption, accounting for building energy consumption. About 20%. Considering the ventilation time factor, the opening fan of the window is often opened and closed instantly. If the window ventilation ventilation hardware design with filtering device is adopted, although the timely ventilation effect is not obvious, the ventilation is continuously ventilated, and the indoor temperature is slow. Change, more suitable for the needs of comfort and health. Therefore, the windows are carefully designed through a combination of hardware systems to achieve good natural ventilation.